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2025.12.3 O-Level Chemistry Notes
Elements, compounds and mixtures (O Level/IGCSE)

-Describe the differences between elements, compounds and mixtures

Atom is smallest particle of an element. Molecule is made of two or more atoms chemically combined together.

Element is the simplest substance that cannot be broken down by any chemical methods

All Elements are listed in the Periodic Table.

Elements can exist as atoms or molecules. 

Compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined together. 

Compound can exist as molecules or ions. Examples of compounds: water, carbon dioxide, ethanol.

Mixture is made from two or more substances physically combined together. 

Examples of mixtures: seawater, air, petroleum 

Differences between Element and Compound

Element  compound 
Simplest form of matter Consists of two or more different elements chemically combined together
Consist of only particles of one elements  consist of particles of different elements
Cannot be decomposed into simpler substance by chemical methods Can be decomposed into simpler substance by chemical methods

 

Differences between mixture and compound

Compound  Mixture 
Elements are joined chemically in fixed proportions by mass Constituents present in variable proportions

Formed by chemical reaction.

Heat change is involved
 

No chemical reaction involved.

Usually no heat change is involved
 

Have properties different from properties of constituent elements Have same properties same as constituents
Elements in compounds can be separated by chemical means Constituents are separated by physical means
Fixed melting and boiling point Melts and boils over a range of temperatures